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DOUGLAS BECOMES JUSTICE WASHINGTON, D. C, April 17. Forty-year-old Wm. O. Douglas, the youngest appointee to the Supreme Court in more then a century, was sworn in today as an Associate Justice of the high tribunal. A huge crowd overflowed into corridors of the Supreme Court building as Douglas who rose from obscurity to national prominence in a few years, took the oath of office. Attorney General Frank Murphy, Thomas Corcoran, Benjamin Cohen and Assistant Attorney General Thurman Arnold were among those who saw Douglas take the oath to do justice "to the rich and poor alike." The wife and children of the new justice, Mr. and Mrs. Arthur Douglas, brother and sister-in-law, and a sister, Miss Martha Douglas, were among those in the courtroom. Chief Justice Hughes, who has been absent from the court for several weeks because of illness, again presided .today.